Describe the importance of having a sound business continuity plan Essay

Depict the significance of having a sound business coherence plan - Essay Example There are various advantages gotten from business congruity arranging remembering expanding the capacity of the firm for keeping away from issues in the business condition to the most significant level conceivable. This is because of business coherence allowing the firm to survey current dangers and just as conjecture future dangers. Business progression likewise help in exhibiting believability in reacting to the clients, as the designs for anticipating venture execution and finishing are as of now set up where interruptions happen (Watters, 2010). Business progression likewise helps firms to have an upper hand because of the capacity to proceed and finish ventures regardless of disturbances in the business condition that may influence different firms in the business. Different advantages of business coherence incorporate upgrading the notoriety of the business through the capacity to meet ventures with or without interruptions. Business coherence improves the strength of an association in the midst of interruptions on the accomplishment of set objectives and goals. Business progression likewise helps in the improvement of a demonstrated system for the administration of business disturbance and ensure the brand of the organization to the customers (Watters, 2010). Taking everything into account, business progression is a significant factor of a business as showed by the advantages inferred by the organization in making arrangements and instruments for the business to embrace when debacles strikes. It guarantees the firm limits loses and comes out of the disturbance with least negative effect on the business capability of the

IT technology becoming the basis of every employment Essay

IT innovation turning into the premise of each work - Essay Example Deep rooted learning is viewed as an answer for long-standing social and monetary issues, regardless of analysis of grown-up training colonization releasing libratory powers, researchers bringing up bifurcation of work showcase, and the ever-existing analysis of political move towards neoliberalvalue. The article manages the tussle between the perspectives of UNESCO and OECD. Deep rooted learning, at first idea to be a response to cultural and monetary emergencies, was propelled by OECD in 1948 to help Western Europe's financial recovery under Marshall Plan and it was alluded to as Vocational Training. extraordinary enrolment in 1960s because of monetary development caused mix and brought about oversupply of graduates who couldn't be completely ingested and said that intermittent instruction ought to be appropriated along life expectancy, with work, relaxation and retirement. Later it received the idea as a drawn out procedure and made two tomahawks, vertical, to incorporate instruct ive open doors against disturbed youth learning and an even, for additional training as indicated by prerequisites of work, research and openings. Behind the conviction of extra chances, financial soundness, information, fulfillment, there exist down to business issues like non-accomplishment of uniformity and opportunity. Because of 1968 understudy revolt, UNESCO understood that training trade from First World to Third neglected to address last's issue. Faure commission was set up to address the instructive difficulty and for development of logical brain by advancing deep rooted present day learning. Albeit beginning stage approach was covering, there are basic contrasts in later methodology. While OECD can't interface training with work potential, UNESCO holds back at instructive modernisation. On the off chance that oecd's point is to bring non-customary understudies into the informed group's, unesco will probably make instruction premise of vote based procedure. While first is focussed on industrialized countries, second has worldwide standpoint. While first comes closer from specialized refreshing perspective, second considers it to be a device of balance and needs a learning world society. It needs to give the instructive office anytime with an overall measurement. There is a proposal of tactless society in the idea and seventies onwards, deep rooted learning has figured in the national strategy of numerous countries. With globalization, private enterprise has ejected and oecd worried on instruction as need of changing society and its reports joins training with economy. Second era of human capital hypothesis scrutinized the importance of introductory methodologies and solidly put the long lasting instructors in labor advertise/joblessness. Both EC and oecd focused more on learning, than on instruction and HR turned out to be increasingly significant at this point. Analysis Article likewise says that by then unesco had lost its significance on instructive issues. The new Commission detailed the pressure between worldwide, national, provincial and nearby personal stakes, strain among individual and all inclusive, custom v. advancement, long haul v. present moment, otherworldly v. material and so on. Indeed, even from outside, they are respected in an unexpected way. Unesco has humanistic custom and scholarly job while oecd is viewed as free enterprise. While introducing the two ideal models associated with two world perspectives, the article has

What is Rational Thinking Are You Sure You Know the Answer

It is a fact that the thinking process is a feature inherent in every human being. In particular, the notion of what is rational thinking can be considered as an integral and crucial part of the overall thinking process for every particular person. Today, in the era of digital technologies, when information is affluent and controversial as never before, it is crucial to parse the truth from the multiplicity of various claims. Whether it is the information about climate change, fertility rates or discovering a new type of vaccines, a wide list of conspiracy theories and false assumptions contend with science for the trust of the general public. In such cases, rational thinking is the key to the accurate assessment of the situation that allows a person to recognize right decisions among a variety of options. Hence, it is crucial to become aware of the factual definition of what is rational thinking. The Notion of Rational Thinking Thinking is the subject of studies of various scientific disciplines, such as logic, philosophy, psychology, genetics, linguistics, as well as other sciences that try to understand the mental processes of humans and answer the questions what thinking actually is. However, in spite of the generality of this phenomenon, the process of rational thinking takes a special place, as it means not to think about all at once, but concentrate directly on a specific purpose. Rational thinking is thinking with clear logic and goes strictly for the purpose, contrary to the irrational and sometimes simply incoherent thinking, which represents a flow of thoughts without any logic and purpose. Rationality usually means wisdom and certain knowledge characteristics, which is the opposite of the sensory and emotional comprehension. In general, it can be stated that this is a rational way of thinking, when the best decisions are made on the basis of the comparison of a set of facts, rather than on the ba sis of feelings or emotional motives. Rational thinking is an economical and extremely effective way of a thinking process, during which, intellectual activity brings the most positive result at the lowest cost (psycho-emotional and intellectual efforts). Besides, it is worth noting that logic is a crucial component of rational thinking, which supposes that certain conclusions must have a strict logical sequence. The Principles of Rational Thinking In general, the process of rational thinking applies such operations as a comparison, analysis, abstraction, synthesis, classification, formalization, modeling, idealization, as well as a generalization. In order to find the truth, rational thinking uses such processes as deduction, induction, and others. Rational thinking is associated and based on sensual thinking. Nevertheless, unlike sensual thinking, it is not tied to images and sensations, and selects only relevant information. The process of rational thinking can be represented by the following chain: the establishment of concepts, making judgments about the concept, the connection of judgment in reasoning, and the comparison of concepts, judgments, and conclusions in the framework of available evidence. Applying Rational Thinking As a matter of fact, continuous improvement of rational thinking will help to build a successful career in various areas. As such, rational thinking is applied in everyday life and in professional activities. In particular, certain spheres of human activity, such as law, economics, and politics simply could not exist without a rational thought, because every step has to be weighed, subjected to the control of reasoning, as well as logically justified. Rational thinking helps highlight the truth among many possible options, regardless of whether this is the attempt to understand some new theory, drawing up the family budget, or just some kind of everyday business.

Essay about Oedipus the King - 1183 Words

Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is the perfect example of a tragedy. It contains a complete combination of all the features of a tragedy. Aristotle in his Poetics[1] defines Oedipus as being a definite example of the form and purpose of tragedy. In tragedies the Greeks dramatized climactic events in the lives of heroes, and Oedipus story is no exception. By using many different literary devices it brings moral dilemmas of action and motive to the public stage. The action is set out over the timeframe of one day, which will according to the prophet Tiresias will bring Oedipus birth and destruction. King Oedipus is the central protagonist and within his character lies a tragic flaw. He is unintentionally the†¦show more content†¦This is described metaphorically as sight; you bring down night upon my eyes. Oedipus doesnt believe the blind prophet who with the eyes of Lord Apollo can see the truth. Later he gouges his eyes with Jocastas brooches. The realisation of the truth forces him to do this as a form of self inflicted punishment. He believes that blinding himself will make him oblivious to all that surrounds him. There is further irony when Oedipus refers to Laius, I never saw the man myself. We know that he has already seen him when he killed him. Tragedy is not directly intended to be humorous. It is the knowledge which the onlooker has that portrays the protagonists situation as ironical. The audience relates to this as opposed to the character. Throughout the play Oedipus consistently says things without realising the truth behind them. He says he will fight for Laius as if he were my father. Jocasta unknown to herself also speaks the truth. She describes how Laius bears a resemblance to Oedipus, his buildà ¢? ¦wasnt far from yours. The audience can connect to this because they can see the truth behind these statements. Oedipus as the tragic hero moves us to a state of pity. Just as the Shepard pitied the little baby master because of his innocence we also feel a sense of pathos for him. Since he is not an evil man his misfortune is greater than he deserves. He is genuine in that he honestly fears for these, my people. The tragicShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King Of Oedipus868 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge that waits upon one. Confidence overpowers cockiness. The cocky trait is heavily represented in the story â€Å"Oedipus the King† (c. 430 B.C.) by Sophocles. In the story, Oedipus the king of Thebes has the cocky trait and it results in torture for life. Oedipus’s arrogant personality shows throughout the story as he tries to find the killer of the former king of Thebes, his father. Oedipus tends to deem himself as a god throughout the story which plays a big role in interaction with people around himRead MoreOedipus The King : Oedipus1328 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus the King Oedipus had a lot of different character traits both good and bad. He had a good conscience; he cared deeply for the people in his life and protected them. He was very empathetic, smart and a dependable man who lived his life with great integrity. He was an honest man with strong moral principles and lived a righteous life. He found it difficult to live anything less than a righteous life; when he realized what had become of his life, his guilty conscience consumed him. He was filledRead MoreOedipus The King Of Oedipus1019 Words   |  5 Pageswhat makes Oedipus actions in his quarrel with Teiresias and also throughout the play so dramatically compelling, is the fact that the audience knows the outcome of the story. We know Oedipus fate even before he does, and there is no suspense about the outcome itself, instead, the audience anxiously awaits Oedipus to reveal his fate unto himself in his desperate quest to rid his city of the terrible plague, or maybe even more so, to simply d iscover his own unfortunate tale. Oedipus is relentlessRead MoreOedipus the King1125 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King by Sophocles is about Oedipus, a man doomed by his fate. Like most tragedies, #8220;Oedipus the King#8221; contains a tragic hero, a heroic figure unable to escape his/her own doom. This tragic hero usually has a hamartia or a tragic flaw which causes his/hers#8217; downfall. The tragic flaw that Sophocles gives Oedipus is hubris (exaggerated pride or self-confidence), which is what caused Oedipus to walk right into the fate he sought to escape. Pride like that of Oedipus hadRead MoreOedipus the King1065 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’ use of irony is amongst the greatest of all time, as demonstrated masterfully in Oedipus the King. He displays both ambition and understated humour by using irony in diverse ways, both cosmic and dramatic, as well as verbal irony to add a greater level of wit. Every word spoken holds great symbolic weight and those words contribute to a narrative that reflects the gods plans. Adversely the work of Johnathan Swift takes the form of a social satire, combining economic arguments with a sociopoliticalRead MoreOedipus the King1164 Words   |  5 Pagesmen of high reputation and good fortune such as Oedipus.† This attitude, commonly found in men of high station is not specifically identified as pride in the case of Oedipus and, indeed, different readings can place Oedipus’ great flaw in a number of areas. It seems as if Sophocles intended to emphasize the more common interpr etation of Oedipus’ flaw being excessive pride, but other interpretations, such as Pier Paolo Pasolini’s 1967 film Oedipus Rex, present other possibilities as the main characterRead MoreOedipus the King773 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greek drama Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is regarded as one of the most perfect tragedies ever written. The tragedy Oedipus the King is highly esteemed partly due to its use of dramatic irony. Dramatic irony means that facts or events, which are not known to the characters on stage or in a fictional work, are known to the audience or reader. Sophocles uses dramatic irony to demonstrate how little the protagonist really knows. The main dramatic irony in Oedipus the King contrasts Oedipus’sRead MoreOedipus The King, Or Oedipus Rex1249 Words   |  5 Pagesmost famous probably being Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, or Oedipus Rex. For a play to be considered a tragedy, it must have a tragic hero. According to Aristotleâ €™s definition of a tragic hero, they must be a decent moral person, of high social standing who eventually meets with a tragic downfall, of their own doing, suffering more than deserved, and realizing their error too late. In the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the epitome of a tragic hero. Oedipus Rex was generally a â€Å"good† person; heRead MoreOedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus1567 Words   |  7 Pagesworks of Sophocles and particularly evident in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, not only exalts the Greek nationalism present at the date of composition but dictates the course of the story, evolving as its tragic hero works through his fated anguish. Hubris, defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence, is the earmark character trait of Oedipus and perhaps Creon. However, it is the abandonment of his sanctimonious nature that distinguishes Oedipus as a true hero. The theme of the evolutionRead MoreOedipus The King, And Oedipus At Colonus1343 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus, a play written by Sophocles, has become a staple in the study of a Tragic hero in classic literature. When this was written in the fifth century, theatre was more than a means of entertainment but almost a religious event. Robert Fagles goes even further by saying tha t†theatre was not only a religious festival; it was also an aspect of the city’s political life.† (Fagles) . Greek dramas were presented only twice a year during religious festivals that honored Dionysus, the god of wines

Argumentative Paper Legalizing Euthanasia - 1728 Words

Most people do not like to talk or even think about death; much less the topic of ending one’s own life. However, for some, death is a desired alternative to living in agony. Euthanasia has been a topic of debate since antiquity, and both sides stand firm on their beliefs. The right to choose death is illegal in most countries. I believe in people’s freedom to do what they please with their own bodies. The basic right of liberty is what America was founded on. Euthanasia should be a legal option. It’s important to start by understanding the different types of euthanasia. Allowing someone to die is, â€Å"Forgoing or withdrawing medical treatment that offers no hope of benefit to the total well-being of the patient, or that imposes†¦show more content†¦By knowing what one would want under the given situation, the act would be active euthanasia. There are several reasons for the opposition of euthanasia. The first I would like to discuss is Natural Law. The argument is that killing ourselves goes against our very nature. I also think being in excruciating pain for the remainder of a short life is not very natural. What is natural is the want, rather the need to end such pain. If there is no hope of extending life without constant suffering, continuing on in such a manner is nothing but self-inflicting punishment. Natural Law has granted us free will, which brings me to the next point. â€Å"Autonomy is the right of a person to control his or her own body and life decisions† (Manning 26). This is absolutely correct. Governments, groups, and various people can argue against autonomy forever. The simple fact is we have control over ourselves, whether people like it or not. It gives us an added responsibility to thoroughly think about what it is we do with our bodies. These are decisions for the individual. Many of us go through life trying to control everything that happens around us and, at times, situations that do not involve us. The one thing we can control is ourselves. Everyone passes judgment and often overlooks what is within. Nobody takes euthanasia more seriously than those considering it. The choice is not a split decision. This is something people deeply meditate upon before going through

Illness and Health UK

Question: Explain inequalities in illness and health in the UK? Answer: Introduction The Sociology of illness and health or Nutritional impact in the health and illness, examines the communication in the middle of society and well being. This study explains the nature of illness and health inequalities, the size of the illness and health inequalities, and the reasons for these inequalities within the UK. Explanation for inequalities in illness and health in the UK There is a developing assortment of confirmation reporting imbalances in both the dissemination of wellbeing and access to health services both universally and within the UK. The Black Report distributed in 1980. This report is to examine the issue of imbalances in wellbeing in the UK and to dissect the ways of life and wellbeing records of individuals from all social classes (Blane, 1985). The report sets out four conceivable systems to clarify enlarging financial wellbeing disparities: Artefact: Population data originated from the decennial evaluation while demise and reason for death data originated from the death certificates. Social choice: Health decides social position. Behavior: People in lower social classes enjoy similarly more wellbeing harming conduct. Material circumstances: Destitution causes weakness. We analyze that in the Black report clarification for inequalities in wellbeing and illness inside of the UK Health measures were straightforwardly connected to social class. Health expanded down the social scale. The issues had little to do with the NHS. Issues were connected with social and financial components, for example, wage and unemployment (Berkowitz, 1983). Conclusion In this study, it has been concluded that Black report clarifications assist us to discover that the health of the country had enhanced generally, however, the improvement had not been equivalent in overall social classes. Gap within inequalities of health and illness between higher and lower social module was widening. References Berkowitz, M. (1983). Inequalities in Health: The Black Report (Book). Sociol Health Illness, 5(3), pp.356-359. Blane, D. (1985). An assessment of the Black Report's explanations of health inequalities. Sociology of Health Illness, 7(3), pp.423-445.

The Nuclear Power Debate Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Nuclear Power Debate Analysis Essay The Nuclear Power DebateIn 1953, nuclear energy was introduced into America as a cheap andefficient energy source, favoured in place of increasingly scarce fossil fuelswhich caused air pollution. Its initial use was welcomed by the general public,as it was hoped to lower the price of electricity, and utilise nuclear power forits potential as a resource, not a weapon. However, as people became aware ofthe long term dangers involved in storing nuclear waste, its use was criticised. Two accidents, at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, demonstrated to the worldthe enormous risks involved in producing nuclear power. Nuclear power provides 17% of the worlds electricity but coal is themain source, making up 39%. However, fossil fuels such as coal, require greaterquantities to produce the equivalent amount of electricity produced from Uranium. We will write a custom essay on The Nuclear Power Debate Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The use of nuclear power opposed to burning fossil fuels has reduced carbondioxide emissions by 2 billion tonnes per year, minimising the global warmingeffect on the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is responsible for half of man madegases contributing to the Greenhouse Effect, and has sparked action from the UNIntergovernment Panel on Climate Change. Their consensus is a concern for theenvironment in the next century if fossil fuels continue to be used, even atpresent global levels.The Panel claims that for carbon dioxide to bestabilised to safe levels, a 50-80% reduction in all emissions would be required. The United Nations has predicted a world population growth from 5.5billion to 8.5 billion by the year 2025, meaning demand for energy will increase. Nuclear power is the only practical source, in consideration for theenvironment, cost and efficiency. Coal-fired generation of electricity wouldincrease carbon dioxide emissions, and renewable sources such as solar and hydro,are not suitable for large scale power generation. Nuclear power is not without its own implications. The process includesdisposing of radioactive waste, which poses a threat to the environment and theworld if not contained properly and temporarily disposed of with maximumsecurity. In the thesis, Nuclear power: an energy future we cant afford,by Peter Kelly from Hamilton College, he wrote,wed still have to worry about terrorists making bombs out of nuclear waste. Just five pounds of plutonium, a component of nuclear waste, is enough to make anuclear bomb. Such a bomb could topple the World Trade Centre and kill hundredsof thousands of peopleTerrorists may be able to recruit disgruntledscientistsDisposing of nuclear waste is extremely controversial, because it takesthousands of years to decompose, and the radiation remains active. Other than the environmental effects of disposing nuclear waste, thepotential of radioactive fallout from a faulty reactor is a dangerouspossibility, and the events following the accident at Chernobyl demonstrated thelong term destructiveness radiation is capable of.In 1986 at Chernobyl, anunauthorised experiment conducted with the cooling system turned off, lead tothe explosion of one of the reactors. The radioactive fallout spread throughthe atmosphere, reaching into northern Europe and Great Britain. The Sovietsclaim 31 people died directly from the accident, while deaths due to radiationare yet to be determined. Radiation sometimes causes genetic mutations in thechild whose parents were exposed to radiation. A few years ago on thetelevision program 60 Minutes, they presented a story on the after effects ofthe Chernobyl accident. They revealed horrific shots of mutated embryospreserved in jars, the most disturbing, an embryo named Cyclops, because itonly had one eye. While nuclear power is more efficient and environmentally safer in termsof global warming than fossil fuels, it has a destructive potential that cannotbe ignored. Electricity, generated from the nuclear fission of Uranium 235 orPlutonium 239 are both elements which are used in nuclear weapons. Radiationeither from waste or fall out from a reactor explosion can cause detrimentaleffects, both long and short term, to the environment and society. Precautionsmust be taken in security, disposal, and generation of nuclear power and itswaste, in order for it to be a successful resource and temporary alternative. .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e , .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e .postImageUrl , .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e , .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e:hover , .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e:visited , .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e:active { border:0!important; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e:active , .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u457fb7796c1ee37cb9881384abc25f3e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Procrastination EssayAt present, renewable energy sources are too expensive and are not suitable forlarge scale power generation. However, advancing technology may improve oncurrent systems, making them more efficient and suitable for major electricitygeneration. Peter Kelly concluded his thesis, nuclear power should be seenas a way to tide us over to an age of conservation and renewables. Barring anunexpected breakthrough in fusion, the age of nuclear power will end in theforeseeable future. BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Microsoft Encarta 95 Microsoft Corporation 1994-952. Nuclear power: an energy future we cant afford Peter Kelly3. World Energy Needs and Nuclear Power Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper 11 UnknownScience

Web-Footed Gecko essays

Web-Footed Gecko essays The web-footed gecko is native to the Namib Desert, located on the coast of southwest Africa. Living in this location has enabled the gecko to develop many unique physical characteristics that very few, if any, other animals have. The web-footed gecko also has developed a certain way of hunting for food, as well as a way of deterring predators if it feels it may become food. This gecko has also formed breeding methods particular to the region. This five-inch translucent lizard is native to the Namib Desert of southwest Africa. This region receives virtually no rain as the land is composed of bare rock and sand, although during the nights fog rolls in from the Atlantic, cooling the sand dunes. The gecko depends on this moisture to survive, as the geckos thin skin allows it to absorb moisture right out of the air. This reptile burrows during the day to avoid the extreme heat of the desert sun because the sand remains at a constant temperature just a few inches below the surface. Due to the harsh heat of the Namib the gecko has evolved into a nocturnal animal. Its name has derived from its feet, which resemble that of snowshoes in function, and a ducks feet in appearance. This gecko has the scientific nomenclature of Palmatogecko rangei. This name is significant as it shows its relationship to other geckos through its genus name Palmatogecko. The web-footed gecko is classified as follows: Kingdom: Animalia The web-footed gecko is a predator as it has a developed sense of sight. The geckos eyes have adapted to its environment to be more functional than most would expect. The lizards pupils narrow to very small slits in daylight only to transform into very large disks at night to absorb all the light possible. Although the gecko has good visibility, ...

Barbarians and Roman Civilisation

Barbarians and Roman Civilisation The debate surrounding the extent to which the Barbarians facilitated the disappearance of Roman civilisation in the years 376AD to 496AD is one that has been contested throughout history. The arguments can be divided into two major schools of thought. Firstly, Henri Pirenne’s, ‘ Pirenne Thesis’ [1] , which postulates the Barbarians did not facilitate for the disappearance of Roman civilisation and culture, with Roman society continuing after the breakdown of central authority. Pirenne asserts the Barbarian’s sought to benefit from the established Roman civilisation, and thus strove to preserve the Roman way of life. Conversely, the eminent Bryan Ward-Perkins -archaeologist and professor at Oxford University- hypothesises in his magnum opus , ‘ The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization’ the argument: Germanic people instigated the ‘end of civilisation’ for almost one thousand years, characterised by â€Å"social, econom ic and technological regression.† [2] I believe, it’s undeniable to determine that numerous areas of the former Western Empire suffered detrimental changes to their quality of life at the hands of the Barbarian tribes. Nevertheless, evidence shows an abundance of continuity across the former Western Empire following the Germanic incursions, with society progressing in Barbarians cities such as Marseille [3] . Therefore, when assessing the extent to which the Barbarians facilitated for the disappearance of Roman Civilisation; one must determine on a case-by-case basis with no overarching answer conclusively possible. Although, it appears for the majority of the former Western Empire that society progressed, characteristically Roman, but slowly transformed into a Germanic-Romano society, reinforced prominent primary and contemporary sources. One example of the â€Å"supposed regression† that Ward-Perkins uses to develop the idea of the fall of Roman civilisation is the collapse of literary sophistication [4] which characterised the Empire. Ward-Perkins argues the literary record of the ‘Dark Ages’ was not as comprehensive and sophisticated as the period of Roman authority that preceded it. When assessing whether Romanic literary culture survived, or in fact developed, the most utilitarian surviving material is the primary source of eight court charters from Lombardy and Merovingian France. These documents provide an unrivalled primary source for evaluating if Romanic literary culture survived. The Merovingian documents illuminate that of 138 subscribers 73.2% managed to sign the document themselves. [5] With only 37 not being able to sign and therefore assumed ‘illiterate’ we can see an exceptionally high literacy rate. The documents also highlight the demographics of the signatories allowing us to see indisputably, 53 out of the literate 101 were traditional laymen. [6] Of course, this statistic cannot be conc lusive of the entire former Western Empire, but is an indicator that decades after the sacking and formal Germanic occupation a culture of literacy did not irrefutably fall, and in places such as Merovingian France it undeniably developed. Subsequently, this primary source supports Henri Pirenne, who asserted, â€Å"There was an extensive and mostly literate Merovingian lay culture [under Clovis I.]† [7] However, as much as these primary documents aid Pirenne’s argument, in equal regard, they retract, supporting the argument that one cannot provide an overarching answer, assisting Ward-Perkins’ overall regression claims. The first reason why the source is disputable in its substance is those called to sign attendance were innately from the higher echelons of society, even at upper lay level [8] , where literacy was more common than across the general population spectrum. Analysing the equivalent primary documents of Lombard Italy, the number is nowhere near a s impressive, considering that of 988 signatories only 326 [9] could sign their name. Despite representing 633 of the signatures, only 14% of laymen managed to sign with 554 instead having to use the stamp. The value of this Pro-Pirenne source is retracted further when considering that Lombard women were excluded from signing, allowing us to assume immediately that 50% of the population was inherently illiterate. Subsequently, this primary source provides a clear level of understanding into the nature of post-Roman literacy. Nevertheless, it must be ascertained that the documents can’t be treated overly conclusive due to their incomplete nature, and as they only show a localised picture.   Moreover, the documents suggest arguably the most conclusive argument, pockets of Romanic civilisation in the field of literacy continued to excel, whereas others regressed following the fall of Rome. It must be acknowledged since only a modicum of documents survived they cannot be wholly representative of the population, coupled with the fact, not everyone would have been called to sign a during their life. These people were the lowest on the social hierarchy; as a feudal society and due to the nature of the time it’s overwhelmingly likely that the majority of the population would remain illiterate. Overall, this primary source appears to be mostly useful as it mirrors the trends of many other facets of ‘Roman life’ that can be proved more conclusively with France flourishing, culturally and economically whereas other regions, especially in Italy [10] . There is evidence, in line with the ‘Pirenne Thesis’ suggesting society did not back track, seen in Merovingian France, with Gregory of Tours’ ‘ Historia Francorum ,’ [11] allowing us to see literary sophistication surviving 108 years after the fall of Rome. Yet, concurrently supporting Ward-Perkins as there is evident disparity across the Empire, from writ ten sophistication, down to technical regression, with the reduction of documents written on Papyrus paper; seen by the fact that 7 th century Italy only has eight surviving Papyrus documents, only one originating from Rome. [12] Therefore, allowing us to see that even though the upper classes are still literate they’re producing less material of the prowess that characterised the empire. Similarly, for the subordinate classes the lack of evidence makes it impossible to formulate a broad conclusion for large areas of the former Western Empire. On the surviving information, available the evidence would suggest the ‘Pirenne Thesis’ as the most convincing argument when analysing literacy in the former Western Empire, as it appears broadly, a literary culture survived. Many contemporary historians promote the view of the Barbarian as, lacking refinement being â€Å"primitive, ignorant, brutal, rapacious, destructive and cruel.† [13] Emphasising the idea, Roman civilisation was extinguished suddenly and brutally: â€Å"Roman civilization did not pass peacefully. It was assassinated.† [14] Which I do not agree with; rather I align with Pirenne who affirms the Barbarians found it advantageous to embrace the culture. [15] The Primary source, Sidonius Apollinaris promotes in his letters [16] the ‘civilised Barbarian’, the Visigoth King, Theodoric II. Apollinaris presents Theodoric with a lengthy description describing him as a man of prestige and celestial reverence, with the masculine grandeur avowing â€Å"If there is a miss through either’s error, your vision will mostly be at fault, and not the archer’s skill.† Yet still possess a fair complexion â€Å"often flush, but from modesty, and not from anger.† From Apollinaris’ description, we see Theodoric as the ideal ‘Tertullian’ [17] nobleman, an embodiment of Western Culture; which Theodoric II unequivocally strove to fit, a blend between the philosophically methodical and the compassionate. [18] We can see that Apollinaris’ epistle is a valuable source for analysing whether the Barbarians continued Roman ideals, due to contextual factors. Firstly, Theodoric strove to preserve Roman civilization like his father, as they saw Frankish culture as subordinate to Roman due to the ‘admirable’ ideals Roman culture presented. Their determination to preserve roman culture can be seen at the Battle of Chà ¢lonswhere they fought alongside the Romans to force Attila out of North-Eastern France. Despite being the (illegitimate) grandson of Alaric I, under Theodoric I, Frankish-Barbarian culture became interconnected with the Romans. As they were pivotal to Roman victory upon Theodoric’s II succession he was engulfed into the higher strata of Romanic civilisation having gained acclamation defending Romanic culture against rival Barbarian empires. Therefore, when evaluating the source, we can see from Theodoric’s territories, despite the loss of a centralised government in 476AD, the region remained Roman in nearly every sense of the word, only through decades of gradual attrition long after the fall of Rome that the region itself stopped identifying as ‘Roman’, evolving into a Gallo-Romano society. Theodoric produced a myriad of geometric and stonework motifs [19] in Carcassonnea promoting continuity between Rome and the reign of Theodoric II, showing Roman civilisation surviving. Despite Apollinaris’ sheer idealisation of Theodoric, we can see that the description isn’t just propaganda comparable with Tacitus’ ‘ Germania’ [20] , but, rather an astute analysis of Theodoric’s character. We can see this as Apollinaris outlines Theodoric wanting to represent a Roman man but falling short, he embraced Christianity to preserve Roman civilisation; however, it was apparent his prayers were â€Å"mo re in habit than in convicted assiduity†. Subsequently, it’s undeniable to determine that despite the sources amplification, it’s credible in its material; a criticism suggesting Theodoric wasn’t a convicted Christian would send him into a bout of rage. However, the suggestion he was almost so civilised as for him to be ‘Roman’ should be taken lightly as despite his appreciation of culture and art, he obtained the throne by the murdering elder brother Thorismund [21] . Gibbon stated: â€Å"he justified this atrocious deed by the design which the heir-apparent formed of violating his alliance with the empire.† [22] Therefore, regardless of the good nature to Theodoric’s crime, defending the Empire, he violated the principles of being ‘Roman’. In Theodoric’s Visigoth kingdom, it’s clear to see Romano culture surviving, only after gradual attrition, evolving. Therefore, we see both Pirenne and Ward-Perkin s coming through; Pirenne could clearly assert that culture here did survive before transforming into a Gothic kingdom. This source validates the argument of Ward-Perkins, it’s clear despite the attempts made by Theodoric to maintain a level of Roman culture; it was incompatible with the average Barbarian who had little interesting in preserving Romanness dating back to the tribe of Theodoric’s grandfather sacking Rome in 410AD. Theodoric’s Roman ideals were not shared by the upper echelons of the Frank society, seen by the fact he was assassinated only a few years after taking the throne by brother Euric. It’s possible to see the shift (or, perceived shift) in civilisation from Roman control to Barbarian through the primary source, the Bishop of Chaves, Hydatius. Hydatius’ ‘The Chronicle of Hydatius and the Consularia Constantinopolitana ‘ [23] provides the only extensive account of Spanish history through the fifth century. Hydati us states that post-Roman Gallaecia was, â€Å"A wretched place to live, the inhabitants: cold, inhospitable and brutishà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Despite the mineral wealth, the place had a vile reputation for brigandage and ruinous tribal warfare.† [24] Hydatius allows us to see the transition from peaceful times the emergence of a Germanic kingdom, following 411AD and, Vandal and Suevi invasions there’s a drop in the variety of sources used by the Churchman. Hydatius was forced to live within an isolated Roman community constantly threatened by the barbarian presence [25] , subsequently Germanising the region facilitating for a cultural revolution. The complexity of the Chronicle is replaced by uncertainty; Hydatius makes no secret of the fact that the Barbarians that facilitated for the loss of sophistication in his work. Following the death of John of Jerusalem in 417AD, all Hydatius could ascertain was that an â€Å"elderly man† took over the bishopric, despite it b eing well known outside Northern Spain that Praylius had been occupying the role for several years. Due to the Barbarian occupation, we see clear gaps in the information the source presents. Hydatius knows after the expulsion of Nestorius from Constantinople, Flavian became the Patriarch (447-449); but gives no indication that he knew of either man who occupied the role from 431-447AD, Maximian and Proclus [26] . Subsequently, we see an undeniable decline under Germanic occupation regressing from fluid streams of communication with Flavius Aetius to uncertainty; reinforcing the argument that Barbarian’s facilitated the disappearance of Roman civilisation in the years 376AD to 496AD. However, akin to many characteristics of the period, the answer appears to be somewhere in the middle, which becomes apparent due to Hydatius’ source limitations. Hydatius is intrinsically anti-German due to their forceful occupation of his land and therefore he demonises them at every op portunity. It’s perspicuous that the Chronicle was never intended for anyone outside Spaniards, potentially even Galicia. [27] Despite being a one-of-a-kind account of Barbarian’s in Spain, Hydatius is prone to exaggerating the occupations impacts. The barbarian entry in 409AD was undoubtable an event which made an impact, but not a resounding one, with chroniclers such as Count Marcellinus passing over it with silence, but to Hydatius it was an event of equal significance to the Sack of Rome. Delusion expected of a man who â€Å"fully expected the world to end within fifteen years† [28] . One of the reasons why Hydatius’ source is not conclusive of Germanic Spain is due the contrast between Hydatius’ meagre knowledge of the world, compared with the other letters and sources coming out of Spain synchronously. We can see that during the period of 468-483AD, when the times were more tumultuous, encompassing the fall of Rome we can see that communica tion between the Rome and Mà ©rida was frequent and fast. This consequently, suggests the rest of Spain was not so cut off from civilisation and the Romanic world. There are many communiquà ©s addressed to Zeno, the Bishop of Mà ©rida from Pope Simplicius, with one reading â€Å"We have learned from the report of many† [29] , about Zeno’s excellent administration. Therefore, it can be deduced that many travellers reported the ecclesiastical conditions in Southern Spain, Simplicius bears no hint of anticipating any difficulties in sending confidential letters outlining his ambitions to a distant land that Hydatius had marked as ‘Barbaric.’ Correspondingly, the metropolitan bishop, and the Pope years prior to Hydatius, referred to North-Western Spain as the edge of the world and â€Å"an extreme part of the earth† [30] , it is subsequently no surprise that Cape Finisterre was believed to the furthest west point on Earth. Therefore, the hypothesis that the Barbarians alone were responsible for the lack of communication is not a conclusive one, despite it being true that the reach of the sources decreased; there was a reason why for centuries the Greeks referred to the land as â€Å"mountainous, cold and hard to reach.† Subsequently, supporting the argument that despite what Hydatius said appearing mostly true, when considering the entire Western Empire, the account is microcosmic. Reinforcing the idea that in certain areas, life carried on as normal, whereas in other places, such as Galicia, the status-quo Romanic culture was replaced by the new Germanic one. For the majority of people in Spanish lands communication does not seem to be affected, referenced by the dozens of surviving letters between Tarragona and Rome (463-465AD) with, in the many qualms raised, communication never even being implied. When assessing whether Roman Civilisation ‘disappeared’ or not, one of the most compelling arguments fro m both Ward-Perkins and Pirenne is centred on the post-Roman economy. Henri Pirenne’s ‘Thesis’ has spearheaded the argument suggesting continuity with the Roman economic model. The ‘Thesis’ establishes that Mediterranean trade in 600AD was no different to that of 400AD taking the stance that the Germanic invasions did not destroy the unity that the ancient Mediterranean world had enjoyed [31] . This perception of continuity has stemmed debate, especially considering Pirenne’s Thesis is heavily reliant upon written evidence [32] ,   Looking at the archaeology along with the written sources is pivotal to comprehending the post-Roman economy and the role the barbarian invasions played; thus, Ward-Perkins’ provides a convincing argument. Extensive settlements such as Marseille are communities that had significant populations supported by excellent archaeological records, enabling the most rounded view on the extent to which Barbarian s facilitated the disappearance of Roman Civilisation. As preluded, one such case study mentioned by both Ward-Perkins and Pirenne is Marseille, a site which has been extensively excavated enabling for detailed accounts of Late Antique Marseille to be presented. Ward-Perkins incorporates the evidence of professor Simon Loseby, accredited for the most vigorous excavation and analysis of Marseille into his work, Ward-Perkins believes, ‘Marseille may have been particularly well-placed to ride, even to turn back, a tide of events whichà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ was pushing ahead the process of urban and economic decline. [33] ‘ This conclusion is possible due to examination of both written and archaeological evidence; pinpointing the fact that Marseille continued as a trading centre centuries after 476AD through examination of the ceramic material available there. [34]    It appears Marseille was able to continue as a part of the pan-Mediterranean trading network until at leas t the end of the sixth century.   It’s also noted that Marseille had its own mint, capable of producing copper and gold coinage, suggesting that Marseille had an economic hegemony on the surrounding area [35] .   Thus, Marseille’s image is not simply of a city that endured Barbarian rule, but rather one that progressed.   This view is emphasised in written sources too, seen from the Bishop of Tours, presenting a thriving cosmopolitan city, stimulated by the perpetual flow of merchants, diplomats and churchmen [36] . Conclusively, Marseille undoubtedly avoided economic decline under the rule of the barbarians and from the contextual evidence available the Roman way of life appear does not appear to vanish from the city; collateral to, neighbours Arles. However, Marseille is an isolated case study.   In this instance, the barbarians appear to have had a very small role in the end of the Roman world, Marseille is not representative of the sit uation many found themselves in after the barbarian invasions.   What it shows through archaeology was that the invasions were not universally detrimental as in some areas, Barbarians sought to use Roman institutions for profit, promoting continuity between the Romans and Barbarians. This is where the differentiation between Ward-Perkins and Pirenne comes in. Across the former Empire, evidence suggests a general decline in standards of living. Ward-Perkins actively pursues the idea that the period following 476AD was one of a ‘dramatic move away from sophistication toward much greater simplicity’. [37] He reinforces this stance by through an examination of pottery and coinage, seen through the existence of luxury, but a substantial middle and lower goods market. [38]    Ward-Perkins also establishes a pattern of reduced pottery and coinage production, across the former Empire in from 476 until the fourteenth century [39] .   Where the ‘Pirenn e Thesis’ falls short compared to Ward-Perkins is the fact that Ward-Perkins recognises cities such as London and Marseille flourished following the collapse of Imperial power, whilst other economic centres collapsed. Wherever the Barbarians didn’t see profit, they laid siege destroying the societies civilisation, seen from the economic damage left to industries such as farmland, and the loss of citizens either through capture or violence.   Evidence of the Barbarian trail of destruction can be seen from the sack of Mainz all the way to Toulouse and into Spain.   It may be unfair to criticise Pirenne exceedingly, as Ward-Perkins had the best part of seventy years’ extra research available following Pirenne’s posthumously published ‘Thesis’. Considering the information Pirenne had in the 1920s he provides a detailed, accurate analysis of Mediterranean trade and Roman Civilisation. But, when we add the years of development, with w idespread archaeological analysis, predominantly a post-World War II development; in the Mediterranean and Central/Western European we see a new light. Thus, we are able to come to the conclusion that whilst areas of the former Western Empire fell into a state of economic devastation, other areas improved, rising to new heights under Barbarian occupation. In conclusion, whilst the Barbarians catalysed the ending of the most vast and complex institution in the ancient world, the notion they conclusively marked the end of civilisation in the west for a thousand years is a claim that does not stand true conclusively.   There is undoubtable evidence to suggest that after the occupation of the Empire by the barbarian peoples, the systems implemented by the Romans were still in place, and that both the administrative [40] and day to day status quo remained largely unchanged for over two hundred years. Archaeological and literary evidence suggests, after the Barbarian invasions i ndividual provinces and communities continued to carry out daily life in much the same way that they had done in the later days of the Empire the early seventh century. Following the Barbarians penetration of the empire it’s undeniable that certain tribes sought to ruthlessly destroy, as can see be in Pesaro and Fano in Italy which had their walls destroyed and internal structures burnt to the ground. [41] Milan too, where the Milanese women and children were enslaved and the men all killed [42] . But, there were clear examples of the preservation of Roman culture as we can see through case studies such as Marseille, and Barbarian kingdoms originally characterised by their Roman way of life. Leading to the assertion that the extent to which Roman civilisation survived depended on where you happened to live. Predominantly, Romanic culture appears to continue for decades after the first crossing of the Danube by the Barbarians, the period of Germanic rule ushered â€Å"a time of narrowing horizons, strengthening local roots, and consolidating old loyalties.† [43] Bibliography

BAIDU & GOOGLE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BAIDU & GOOGLE - Research Paper Example The reasons of the above outcome are analyzed below; emphasis is given on the criteria on which the expansion of Google across the Chinese market was based. The reasons for the failure of Google in the Chinese market are also critically discussed. Despite its success in the global market, Google has not managed to acquire the dominance of the Chinese market as an advanced Search Engine machine. In fact, in accordance with a report published by the Search Engine Journal, the share of Google in the Chinese market has been estimated to 32.8% - whereas Baidu controls ‘the 56.8% of the search share’ (Baker 2008). It should be noted though that no significant competition seems to exist in the specific sector – it is noted that Baidu and Google control the 90% of the search share in China. ... wever, the time lost has been significant and Google is currently trying to cover the gap caused because of its short-term exit from the Chinese market. However, in accordance with Hotchkiss (2011) the reasons for the failure of Google in China are not just regulatory; it seems that the specific search engine cannot respond – at least not as effectively as – to the technical demands of the specific sector – emphasis is given on the structure of Chinese characters and the severe delays that can be reported when using these characters in a Search Engine machine. Moreover, it seems that the development of Google China has not helped towards the resolution of the above problem – as it could be possibly expected. The above problem is made clear through the following example: in a study developed by Hotchkiss (2011) in North America and China the time of response of Search Engines was set under comparison. In the case of search through Google – using West ern language – a time period of 8 up to 10 seconds has been required to retrieve the results. However, when using Google China the response to a search query ‘took about 30 seconds, and with Baidu over 55 seconds’ (Hotchkiss 2011). Apart from the time of response, the presentation of the findings is also problematic – referring to Google China. It is explained by Hotchkiss (2011) that the vertical scan (based on relevance) used commonly for checking the results cannot work in the case of Google China; instead it is necessary to check the whole list of results in order to select the required one (Hotchkiss 2011). In accordance with the above, the ability of Google to respond to the needs of Chinese people can be strongly doubted. At the next level, the following fact should be mentioned: in a recent (2011)

Associated Memorial Health Center Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Associated Memorial Health Center - Assignment Example HR training and development responsibilities that address the problems in the case study include: AMHC HR should be involved in finding ways that will enable staff to enhance their career growth and development. Therefore, this HR responsibility will assist in solving the retention issues especially turnover rate in the organization. Most of the retention issue arises due to the high turnover rate of current staffs in the AMHC. There is also poor communication between staff and supervisors in the organization and late performance reviews and lack of promotional opportunities. These problems lead to high staff complaints. Therefore, AMHC should address the communication issues through proper training of both staff and supervisors. They need to be trained on the importance of the communication. HR managers should address the issues of performance reviews immediately. Staff needs to be trained to enhance opportunities of getting promoted in the organization. Proper training through leadership and management programs give staff opportunities of being promoted. HR should design training and development programs that change the behavior of staffs towards patients. Some of the issues that can be addressed include inattentiveness to patients by staff, rude behavior towards patients and patients waiting for long without getting any assistance. This behavior can be changed and the only way is to train the staff importance of providing clinical services efficiently.

Downsizing And Reengineering The American Public And Private Sector Ess

Downsizing And Reengineering The American Public And Private Sector Wheels of Industry Over the past decade, more and more American organizations are downsizing and reengineering as a means of eliminating excesses in corporate staffing, bureaucracy, and expenditures. This is true today whether it’s a for-profit company or not-for-profit company. Constant change is a new way of life as companies strive to meet customers needs and the ability to successfully innovate, time after time to achieve competitive advantages. Moreover, American companies are facing a fierce global environment and are downsizing to achieve cost-lowering efficiencies to render their firm more fit to combat tenacious global competitors. American organizations are also downsizing in an effort to cope with fundamental and structural changes in economies and markets.1 Because downsizing and reengineering is excessively used in today’s organizations, we must not mistakenly confuse the two terms, and since American organizations are faced with the problem of massive overhauling, we must understand the meaning and the purpose of both. We must also consider the fundamental approaches organizations use in implementing downsizing. In addition, we must look at the cost benefits to the organizations, as well as the competitive advantages are that achieved. Moreover, while little emphasis of the employee is considered in terms of workforce reduction, there is a need to look at the adverse affects on the employee and the personnel problems that organizations incur due to the aftermath of downsizing. Downsizing is associated and often confused with numerous terms. The term "downsizing" was coined to define the scaling down of the car by sizes by automobile manu... ...ture. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 55-67). 6Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (197-199) 7Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 88-89). 8Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 40). 9Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (238-245). 10Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (Pg. 103-109). 11Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (Pg. 109-111). Downsizing And Reengineering The American Public And Private Sector Ess Downsizing And Reengineering The American Public And Private Sector Wheels of Industry Over the past decade, more and more American organizations are downsizing and reengineering as a means of eliminating excesses in corporate staffing, bureaucracy, and expenditures. This is true today whether it’s a for-profit company or not-for-profit company. Constant change is a new way of life as companies strive to meet customers needs and the ability to successfully innovate, time after time to achieve competitive advantages. Moreover, American companies are facing a fierce global environment and are downsizing to achieve cost-lowering efficiencies to render their firm more fit to combat tenacious global competitors. American organizations are also downsizing in an effort to cope with fundamental and structural changes in economies and markets.1 Because downsizing and reengineering is excessively used in today’s organizations, we must not mistakenly confuse the two terms, and since American organizations are faced with the problem of massive overhauling, we must understand the meaning and the purpose of both. We must also consider the fundamental approaches organizations use in implementing downsizing. In addition, we must look at the cost benefits to the organizations, as well as the competitive advantages are that achieved. Moreover, while little emphasis of the employee is considered in terms of workforce reduction, there is a need to look at the adverse affects on the employee and the personnel problems that organizations incur due to the aftermath of downsizing. Downsizing is associated and often confused with numerous terms. The term "downsizing" was coined to define the scaling down of the car by sizes by automobile manu... ...ture. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 55-67). 6Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (197-199) 7Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 88-89). 8Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (Pg. 40). 9Tomasko, Robert M. Downsizing: Reshaping the Corporation for the Future. AMACOM American Management Association, 1987 (238-245). 10Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (Pg. 103-109). 11Cohen, Steven and Eimicke, William. The New Effective Public Manager. Jossey-Bass Publishers. San Francisco, 1995 (Pg. 109-111).

Countrys I Will Visit

Someone ones told me if I planned to travel and I answered him â€Å"no†. So he just told me this â€Å"The world is a book and those who do not travel read only a page† (Mr. Sadeiki 9th grade). It kept me thinking and well I decided to travel. I believe traveling will make me a better person and give me different perspectives of people around the world. I made my bucket list and the three countries I would love to visit the most would be Mexico, The Bahamas, and Brazil. Let’s move on to why Mexico is my one of my chose in visiting. Mexico was the place where I was born and I only got to live there for three years.I have always wanted to go back but just to go visit. I want to visit it because most of my family lives there and I would like to meet them. I’ve heard and done some research on some of the beaches that Mexico has. They look very nice and clean somewhere that someone would like to go visit a lot, but not just its beaches but also the nice histor y that it has. Like the pyramids of the Aztecs and the courts of a sport they played called Ullamaliztli. After visiting Mexico I would love to go and visit the Bahamas. Imagine a world where you can’t tell where dreams begin and reality ends.These are The Islands of the Bahamas. And they're like no other places on Earth (www. bahamas. com pg1). The Bahamas are unique because they have super clear water that you could see your feet as if you are in a pool. There so clear that you could see 200ft down with no problem. The Bahamas have a lot of islands and beautiful sights especially the beaches. The people always have a lay back attitude (like leave the problems for tomorrow). They are very friendly and like to celebrate a lot. They also have a history and a lot of historical places that make it look like a paradise like its treasures.Talking about paradise, Brazil is the main place I would like to travel too. Brazil is a country of great natural beauty. Dazzling beaches and r ainforests are a few of the superlative attractions that await visitors. Brazil is also home to a people of great ethnic and cultural diversity, whose heritage is expressed in vibrant art and celebrations, historical cities and bustling urban centers. Here are some of the main reasons why I would like to travel to Brazil. Brazil has 62 national parks were you are able to see its amazing landscapes and ecosystem. I will visit all 62 parks.The amazing thing that Brazil has is its celebrations and events they have threw out the year. They bring lots of joy into life and color. Its history also attracts me a lot because it has temples and lots of other things. It will bring joy to me and make me a better person. Traveling to these countries will be a lot of fun. That’s why I will go and visit these places with the one I love or with a friend. If not I will travel them alone because it will probably be even more fun than with someone. I will get started by getting my passport and save some money.I hope to do this traveling by when I turn 25 years old. Let me leave you with this final thought what would you do read more pages or just read the first one? I hope you choose to travel like I am. Three Countries I will Visit (outline) * Intro: Hook- ‘The world is a book and those who do not travel read only a page’†¦ Thesis- I believe traveling will make me a better person and give me different perspectives of people around the world. a. Mexico b. The Bahamas c. Brazil Transition- Let’s move on to why Mexico is my first chose in visiting. Body Para A: Mexico was the place where I was born and I only got to live there for three years. a. Would like to visit my relatives b. They have great beaches. c. The historical places Transition- After visiting Mexico my third chose would be the Bahamas. * Body Para B: Imagine a world where you can’t tell where dreams begin and reality ends. These are The Islands of the Bahamas. And they're like no other places on Earth. a. They have clear waters b. People always have a lay back attitude. c. It looks like paradiseTransition- Talking about paradise, Brazil is the main place I would like to travel too. * Body Para C: Brazil is a country of great natural beauty. a. Amazing landscapes b. Celebration and events c. Its historical cities and its beaches Transition- Traveling to these countries will be a lot of fun. * Conclusion: That’s why I will go and visit these places with the one I love or with a friend. Call for action: I will get started by getting my passport and save some money. Let me leave you with this final thought what would you do read more pages or just read the first one?

Why Marijuana Should be Legalized Essay - 622 Words

According to archeologists, the cannabis plant was among the first crops purposely cultivated by human beings at least 6,000 years ago and perhaps even more than 12,000 years ago. It is considered by many to be one of the most resourceful crops on earth. It can be used for industrial, medical, and recreational purposes. Rather than waging war on marijuana users, this resourceful crop should be legalized and utilized. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The cannabis sativa plant produces more protein, oil, and fiber than any other plant on earth. In fact, it can be used to produce more than 5,000 textile products ranging from rope to paper. Aside from being resourceful, it is also very nutritious. According to Dr. Udo Erasmus, â€Å"hempseed oil is†¦show more content†¦In 1990, 48 percent of doctors surveyed by the American Society of Clinical Oncology said they would prescribe marijuana if it were legal. Another 30 percent said they would need more information before prescribing it, and only 22 percent said they would not use prescribe it. 44 percent of the doctors admitted to actually recommending smoking marijuana to cancer patients to combat nausea associated with chemotherapy. Furthermore, studies show that the smoking of marijuana, even long term, is not harmful to health. So the question arises again, why won’t the federal government legalize marijuana? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since 1937, the US government has been waging war against marijuana users. So much time has been spent on mere drug offenders while rapists and murderers walk the streets raping and murdering. According to the Federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 70-plus million Americans have admitted to smoking marijuana at least once in their lifetime. It is a harmless source of recreation for millions of people around the world. It has also been proven that marijuana helps to relieve stress. Furthermore, there is absolutely no proof that smoking marijuana can make a person stupid or numb or affect a child’s score on a test. Some believe that the legalization of marijuana would result in increased usage or act as a gateway to harder drugs. Marijuana is legal forShow MoreRelatedWhy Marijuana Should Be Legalized1014 Words   |  5 Pagesreason that marijuana should be legal is that there is no good reason for it not to be legal. Some pe ople ask why should marijuana be legalized? but we should ask Why should marijuana be illegal? From a philosophical point of view, individuals deserve the right to make choices for themselves. The government only has a right to limit those choices if the individuals actions endanger someone else. This does not apply to marijuana, since the individual who chooses to use marijuana does so accordingRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should be Legalized1510 Words   |  7 Pages12 16 January 2015 Why Marijuana should be legalized Multiple studies have found that marijuana is less harmful than alcohol and tobacco yet somehow is still considered a schedule 1 drug along with other more extreme drugs such as heroin. Marijuana is the leaves and shredded flowers of hemp plant called Cannabis sativa which is usually a green or gray mixture. Marijuana can be not only smoked in the form a joint, blunt, bowl, bong, etc but can also be eaten. Uses of marijuana can be medically orRead MoreWhy Medical Marijuana Should Be Legalized1245 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Medical Marijuana should be legalized all over all the United States. In today’s society, debates regarding legalizing Medical Marijuana occur frequently. The discussions arise in almost every state. Both sides bring solid arguments; however, opponents of the approval are facing the fact, which is very hard to ignore. Medical Marijuana has proven to cure people with life-threatening diseases much more effectively than official treatments; to have second-to-none side effects; and to be aRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis II. The History of Marijuana III. The Prohibition IV. Economic Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana V. The Medical Benefits of Marijuana VI. Marijuana vs. Alcohol and Tobacco VII. Marijuana Stimulates Creativity and Brain Cell Growth VIII. Conclusion Should marijuana be legalized for recreational and medical purposes? Thesis: Since marijuana is not harshly dangerous to one’s health nor is it a hard narcotic, it should be legalized to promote a positive society. Read MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Marijuana Should Be Legalized Willie Nelson once said, â€Å"I think people need to be educated to the fact that marijuana is not a drug. Marijuana is an herb and a flower. God put it here. If He put it here and He wants it to grow, what gives the government the right to say that God is wrong?† Marijuana has been a plant for longer than any human has been alive. Civilizations have used marijuana for hundreds of years for hundreds of purposes. But ever since the 1970’s when growing or havingRead MoreEssay on Why Marijuana Should Not be Legalized1595 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization or decriminalization of marijuana is opposed by a vast majority of American’s and people around the world. Leaders in Marijuana prevention, education, treatment, and law enforcement adamantly oppose the substance, as do many political leaders. However, pro-drug advocacy groups, who support the use of illegal drugs, are making headlines. They are influencing decision making thru legislation and having a significant impact on the national policy debate here in the United States andRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should be Legalized Essay example1689 Words   |  7 PagesDebate on why Marijuana should be legalized Marijuana is a public name for an illegal substance (drug) produced from the Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) plant. It is also called weed, ganja, grass, kaya and pot. The drug has many chemical compounds and in particular, it has THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) which is responsible for changing mind functions leading to alternations of cognition, mood, behavior, perception and consciousness. â€Å"It is the most widely used illicit substance in the world† (WorldRead MoreEssay about Why Marijuana Should Be Legalized1554 Words   |  7 Pageserroneous. Early in the 1900s, a surge of Mexicans immigrated to the U.S., and the marijuana they brought with them was quickly associated with them. In the 1930s, tensions between white Americans and Mexican immigrants were heightened due to the Great Depression, and the use of marijuana was ultimately prohibited for the general public in 1937 with the Marijuana Tax Act (Marijuana Timeline). By the 1960s, marijuana became a symbol of count erculture, and the government stopped any research involvedRead MoreLegalization of medical marijuana at the federal law Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Why should marijuana be legalized? Marijuana can be argued for different reasons. In my case I will be arguing the medical purposes for legalizing marijuana. Marijuana has positive features, and how people prefer using marijuana. Marijuana helps individuals get through a variety of things that they suffer. Marijuana provides relief from pain, rather than other medications out there. Many individuals prefer marijuana over anything else to relax. An argument on why people using marijuana spendRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuan It Is A Criminal1470 Words   |  6 Pagesago, CNN the world s most recognized news station. They were showing a story about how medical marijuana helped a three years old girl, who was suffering from a several epilepsy. From the story, this three year old girl could have a hundreds of seizures within a day. However, one day his father, who was a retired military, he made a research and found a good testimonies about how a medical marijuana helped these men, chi ldren, and women with the same condition as his daughter. Therefore, he decided